Siege of Jerusalem (1099)

Siege of Jerusalem (1099)
Part of the First Crusade
Taking of Jerusalem by the Crusaders (1847) by Émile Signol
Date 7 June 1099 – 15 July 1099 (1 month, 1 week and 1 day) Location Jerusalem 31°46′44″N 35°13′32″E / 31.77889°N 35.22556°E / 31.77889; 35.22556 Result Crusader victory[1] Territorial changes Founding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Belligerents
Crusaders	Fatimid Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Godfrey of Bouillon Raymond IV of Toulouse Robert II of Normandy Robert II of Flanders Eustace III of Boulogne Tancred of Galilee Girard I of Roussillon Gaston IV of Béarn Berenguer Ramon II of Barcelona Guglielmo Embriaco of Genoa	Iftikhar ad-Dawla
Strength
12,200–13,300 soldiers[2][3] 11,000–12,000 infantry 1,200–1,300 knights 2 siege towers, 1 battering ram, and several catapults[4]	Total unknown[5] Sizeable garrison of infantry and archers[6] 400 cavalry[5] 14 catapults[7]
Casualties and losses
~3,000 killed and wounded[8]	Entire garrison killed 3,000–70,000 Muslims and Jews massacred[9]
Jerusalem class=notpageimage| Site of the siege relative to the Mediterranean

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Sieges Before Common Era 701 BCE 597 BCE 587 BCE 63 BCE 37 BCE Common Era 70 614 637 1099 1187 1244 1834 1917 1948
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The siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade lasted for one month and eight days, from 7 June 1099 to 15 July 1099 and the Christians lost alot of people during the siege. It was carried out by the Crusader army, which successfully captured Jerusalem from the Fatimid Caliphate and subsequently founded the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Having returned the city and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre to Christian rule, the siege was the final major armed engagement of the First Crusade, which had been proclaimed in 1095 to recover the Holy Land for the Christians in the context of the Muslim conquest. A number of eyewitness accounts of the battle were recorded, with the most quoted events being derived from the anonymous Latin-language chronicle Gesta Francorum.

After Jerusalem was captured, thousands of Muslims and Jews were massacred by Crusader soldiers. As the Crusaders secured control over the Temple Mount, revered as the site of the two destroyed Jewish Temples, they also seized Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock and repurposed them as Christian shrines.^[10] French nobleman Godfrey of Bouillon, prominent among the Crusader leadership, was elected to govern the new Christian state as the King of Jerusalem.